Fig. 1: Pollination and genome of Ophrys sphegodes.

a Pseudocopulation of an Andrena nigroaenea male with an Ophrys sphegodes flower. Photo courtesy of Noa Schwabe. b Schematic representation of sexual deception. An Ophrys orchid mimics the pollinator’s female insect’s hairs, wings and pheromones to lure the male into pseudocopulation. Photos courtesy of Noa Schwabe. c The 18 assembled pseudochromosomes of O. sphegodes are labelled from 1 to 18. From outside to inside: chromosomes; gene density in light green; Gypsy retroelements in turquoise; Copia retroelements in blue; cytosine methylome in light red; between-species differentiation (global FST) along chromosomes in grey. d Recent LTR insertions vs. their age, showing that LTR expansion reached its maximum at around 1.3 to 0.8 Ma ago.