Fig. 1: Secular thermal and redox states evolution of mantle-derived melts.
From: The constant oxidation state of Earth’s mantle since the Hadean
a The mantle potential temperatures (TP) of mantle plume and ambient mantle estimated from thermometer24. Blue solid lines represent the thermal evolution of the mantle with different present-day Urey ratio (Ur(0), and blue dashed and dotted lines represent the switch from stagnant lid convection to plate tectonics at 2 Ga and 1 Ga33, respectively. b Calculated fo2 of mantle plume- and ambient mantle-derived melts relative to the fayalite–magnetite–quartz (ΔFMQ) buffer. The fo2 of mantle plume-derived melts was determined using the partition of V between olivine and melts29 (Dol/meltV), the fo2 of ambient mantle-derived melts was estimated by V-Ti redox proxy18. The fo2 of modern MORB is shown63,64. Blue solid lines represent the fo2 evolution trend estimated from the thermal evolution model with different Ur(0) (see Methods). c The fo2P of a mantle plume and ambient mantle remain constant since the Hadean. The timing of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and the fo2 of Hadean mantle-derived zircons16 are shown for comparison. The fo2 of the mantle in equilibrating with the core was estimated to ΔFMQ −67. All the results are presented as mean values ± standard deviation (1σ).
