Fig. 10: Model for blastema formation in E. japonensis.

a GMP gene(s)-expressing cells (ASCs, shown in blue) are present in intact worms. soxC-expressing cells (shown in red) might be the cells supplied to the amputation site. The relationship between soxC-expressing cells and ASCs remains unclear. soxC-expressing cells were distinct from the population of cells on the VNC (shown in orange), which are Ej-piwi-positive cells that serve as germ cell precursors. b Similarity in expression dynamics of SoxC genes in E. japonensis and X. laevis raised the possibility of the common cellular mechanisms underlying blastema formation in both species. In the cnidarian polyp Hydra vulgaris, HvSoxC was expressed in a transition state between i-cells and differentiated cells63 (*).