Fig. 5: Schematic showing how voltage dependent electrochemical reactions are described by GCP-K.
From: Identification of K+-determined reaction pathway for facilitated kinetics of CO2 electroreduction
a schematic of the traditional Butler-Volmer reaction kinetics, the blue curve represents the reactant, the red one is for the product at U0, and the green one is for the product at U1. As the potential changes from U0 to U1, the energy profile shifts from the red line to the green line. So, we can describe the traditional Butler-Volmer kinetics as a special case of the GCP-K scheme with the electron transfer instantaneously. b the linear relationship between the bond distance and charge in Grand canonical potential kinetics, the energy of TS at different applied potentials thus can be obtained. c Grand canonical potential kinetics methodology, illustrating the relationship between the TS geometry and its charge as applied potential changes. The red curve represents the reaction pathways for the conversion of COOH to CO on Ni-N4 at − 0.43 V applied potential and the blue one is for − 0.75 V applied potential. Inserts are used to give intuitive images of the bond distance difference between the TS geometry at different applied potentials, and the TS at − 0.43 V can transform into the TS at − 0.75 V with a charge of 0.3 electrons.
