Fig. 1: CXE sequence analysis and crystal structures of AtCXE15 and AtCXE20.

a, b Phylogenetic tree of At CXEs based on protein sequence alignment. CXEs within the same clade are highlighted with distinctive background colors (CXE15 and CXE20 in red and green) a. Phylogenetic tree of CXE15 based on protein sequences retrieved from NCBI. The diversification of CXE15 between the monocots and dicots is shown in pink and cyan shades (b). All sequence alignments were constructed by MEGA11 software using a maximum likelihood algorithm. Values on the nodes represent the bootstrap replicates of 1000 and values greater than 50% are shown. c, d Schematic representation of AtCXE15 and AtCXE20 core domains. Crystal structure of AtCXE15 (pale cyan) showing α/β hydrolase fold with distinct NTH (light pink) shown in different angles (c). Crystal structure of AtCXE20 (light blue) showing α/β hydrolase fold with distinct NT α/β helix (NT-α/β, light green) (d). e The sequence logo of the NT region of AtCXE15 (top) and AtCXE20 (bottom) represents the amino acid conservation between CXE15 and CXE20 proteins across land plants. f Comparative structural analysis and superposition of AtCXE15 (pale cyan) and AtCXE20 (light blue) shown in different angles (top). Close-up view of the catalytic cavity (bottom-right) and the distinct regions (bottom-left) between CXE15 and CXE20 (bottom). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.