Fig. 1: Nociceptor activation promotes rosacea-like dermatitis.

A Diagram of the experimental paradigm in (A–E). capsaicin or vehicle on day −1 before intradermal injection of PBS or LL37 in mice. B, Representative macroscopic images and HE-stained sections of skin tissues. C The redness score, area of erythema and skin thickness of skin tissues (n = 4 mice for each group). The mRNA levels of rosacea-characteristic factors (D) (n = 6 mice for each group), the CD4+ T cells infiltration and CD31+ microvasculature (E) (n = 4 mice for each group) in the skin of vehicle- or capsaicin-treated mice after LL37/PBS injection. C–E Data represent the mean ± SEM. ns, p > 0.05. Two--way ANOVA test was used, with Bonferroni’s post hoc test.