Fig. 3: Comparison to the state-of-the-art ray tracing tool STRAL.

a Illustration of the anti-aliasing property of the differentiable ray tracer compared to STRAL. Both approaches use a small number of rays (6000) in contrast to a reference, denoted label, with a large number of rays (1,500,000). Our image is visibly better resolved due to the differentiable soft-binning scheme, leading to a lower L1 loss (↓, lower is better). b Quantitative comparison of the image quality of our proposed differentiable ray tracer and STRAL measured with the L1 loss (↓, lower is better). Solid line depicts average values, transparent band the minimum and maximum values, out of 54 scenarios.