Fig. 1: Ferroelectric catalytic annulation for 3-arylquinolines by molecular ferroelectric crystal TMCM–CdCl3 under ultrasonic condition. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Ferroelectric catalytic annulation for 3-arylquinolines by molecular ferroelectric crystal TMCM–CdCl3 under ultrasonic condition.

From: Discovery of molecular ferroelectric catalytic annulation for quinolines

Fig. 1

a The periodic polarization change of the molecular ferroelectric crystal under ultrasonic conditions produces the free charges on the surface. b Annulation of arylamine, arylacetylene, and DMF was catalyzed by molecular ferroelectric TMCM–CdCl3 for 3-arylquinolines. The atomic labeling denotes that the C3 and C4 atoms of 3-arylquinolines belong to arylacetylene, the N1 originates from arylamine, and DMF serves as a C2 source. c The possible mechanism shows the redox reactions that occurred on the surface of ferroelectric domains, in which different colors represent ferroelectric domains with different orientations and the free charges released with the periodic change of polarization.

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