Fig. 4: LOX2 is the key for NAD⁺ deficiency-induced jasmonate biosynthesis.

a Overview of upstream JA biosynthesis pathway from α-LeA to12-OPDA in chloroplast. Contents of α-LeA (b), 13-HPOT (c), 12-OPDA (d), JA (e) and JA-Ile (f) in the leaves of Col-0, qs-2, COM1 and COM2 plants. The data represent the means ± SD (n = 6, n = 3 for JA-Ile), two-sided Student’s t test). g The transcript level of LOX2 in qs-2, two complementation lines COM1 and COM2, and wild-type Col-0. ACT2 was used as internal control. The values represented the means ± SD (n = 3), and the significance analysis was performed by two-tailed Student’s t test. h Immuno-blotting of LOX2 protein from Col-0, qs-2, COM1 and COM2 plants. The Coomassie blue (CCB) staining was used as the loading control. i Immuno-blotting of LOX2 protein in Col-0, qs-2, lox2-c1, lox2-c2, qs-2lox2-c1 and qs-2lox2-c2 plants. Contents of α-LeA (j), 13-HPOT (k), 12-OPDA (l) and JA (m) in qs-2, two lox2 single mutants and two qs-2lox2 double mutants. The data represent the means ± SD (n = 6), and the significance analysis was performed by two-tailed Student’s t test. n A heatmap showing the relative contents of four key GSLs in the rosette leaves of above-mentioned materials. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.