Fig. 1: Femtosecond laser nanolithography of perovskite hydration for temporally programmable holograms.

a Schematic of the laser patterning of (PEA)2PbI4 perovskite hologram and a photo of the fabricated sample. Scale bar, 1 mm. The zoom-in at the focal spot shows the schematic of the local change of the perovskites. b Perovskite transmission and hydration time constant control by the laser fluence. The inset figure shows perovskites’ transmission spectra evolution with a pronounced dip at 515 nm, corresponding to the exciton absorption peak. τ is the time constant defined as the duration required for the transmission dip to approach 100%. c Schematic diagram of the fabricated perovskite holograms for temporally programmable holographic images.