Fig. 3: Mechanism of the localized hydration control. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Mechanism of the localized hydration control.

From: Femtosecond laser direct nanolithography of perovskite hydration for temporally programmable holograms

Fig. 3

a Schematic mechanism of the laser-induced perovskite hydration retardation. The surface PbI2 layer slows down the water molecules penetrating the perovskites. b X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the layered perovskites processed with various laser fluences. c Intensities of the XRD characteristic peaks of (PEA)2PbI4 and PbI2 with various laser fluences. d Height changes of the perovskite thin film after laser processing with one example of 50 × 50 μm atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. e Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the perovskite thin film after laser processing. Scale bar, 10 nm. f The chemical element distribution along the cross-sectional TEM image.

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