Fig. 5: Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that Lta deficiency affects the metabolic program of developing T_reg subsets.

a Gating strategy used to purify T_reg lineage cells from Foxp3^eGFP and Foxp3^eGFPxLta^−/− mice. b Merged UMAP visualization of T_reg lineage cells colored by cell types from Foxp3^eGFP and Foxp3^eGFPxLta^−/− mice. c Heatmap showing the expression level of the top 5 differentially expressed genes (adj-p-val<0.001) in each cluster. d Density scores of T_reg markers, Foxp3, Il2ra, Il2rb and Il2rg, as well as maturation markers, Ccr7, Cd24a, Cd69, Tnfrsf18, H2-K1, Sell, Klf2 and S1pr1 on merged data from Foxp3^eGFP and Foxp3^eGFPxLta^−/− mice. Scores were computed using the Nebulosa package in R. e UMAP visualization of T_reg lineage cells from Foxp3^eGFP (1433 cells) and Foxp3^eGFPxLta^−/− (1342 cells) mice. f Module score distributions per condition and cluster for various metabolic pathways. g Density scores of glycolysis-associated genes (Ldha, Pgk1, and Tpi1) and OXPHOS-associated genes (Ndufa4, Ndufc2, and Atp5b) on merged data from Foxp3^eGFP and Foxp3^eGFPxLta^−/− mice. Scores were computed using the Nebulosa package in R. Statistical comparison of module scores between conditions for each cluster was performed using the Wilcoxon test with Benjamini-Hochberg multitest correction. Error bars show mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data File.