Fig. 3: Stages of intercalation.
From: In-plane staging in lithium-ion intercalation of bilayer graphene
a Li-ion densities \({n}_{{{{\rm{Li}}}}}\) found from Hall measurements (filled symbols). Open symbols show \({n}_{{{{\rm{Li}}}}}\) evaluated from measured \({\rho }_{{{{\rm{xx}}}}}\) assuming the electron scattering times remained unchanged for a given intercalation stage (Supplementary Methods 1.1). All circular symbols are for device A. For comparison, star symbols show average \({n}_{{{{\rm{Li}}}}}\) for corresponding intercalation stages found for two other devices (devices B and C). Horizontal lines show \({n}_{{{{\rm{Li}}}}}\) expected for exact C42LiC42, C38LiC38, C18LiC18 and C14LiC14 stoichiometries (Supplementary Methods 1.1). The arrows indicate dominant transitions that depend on the cycle number. Error bars for open symbols are due to uncertainty in determining \(n\) to infer \({n}_{{{{\rm{Li}}}}}\). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. b Proposed relative positions of Li ions for different stages of intercalation, color-coded as in (a). Stages I and II correspond to the intercalation of the AB-stacked bilayer, and stages III and IV to the AA bilayer. Li-ion positions for AB stacking correspond to one of the two equivalent configurations and are therefore shown by the dashed lines.
