Fig. 7: Lactate induces immunosenescent B cells that are hyper-glycolytic and hyper-inflammatory.
From: Immunometabolic effects of lactate on humoral immunity in healthy individuals of different ages
B cells from young (BY) and elderly (BE) individuals, isolated as in Fig. 1, were stimulated overnight with CpG (5 µg/106 cells). B cells from young individuals were also stimulated with CpG+lactate (10 mM/106 B cells). a Cells were seeded into the wells of an extracellular flux analyzer at the concentration of 2 × 105/well and run in a glycolytic test. b Expression of transcripts for metabolic markers. c Expression of transcripts for pro-inflammatory markers. Heapmaps in b, c show qPCR values (2−ΔCt) of multiple pro-inflammatory markers, normalized to GAPDH. d Staining with β-Galactosidase. Results show MFI from one representative experiment (values from all individuals, mean ± SE, are: 130 ± 5, young; 243 ± 29, young+lactate; 296 ± 35, elderly no lactate). e IL-6 in culture supernatants after 48 hrs measured by CBA, mean ± SE. f TNF-α in culture supernatants after 48 hrs measured by CBA, mean ± SE. g Autoimmune IgG antibodies after 7 days measured by ELISA, mean ± SE. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Mean comparisons were performed by two-way ANOVA. ***p < 0.001.
