Fig. 6: MYC/MYCN amplification in cultured PDGCs.

a MYC pathway expression score in PDGCs and matched GBM tissues. In-house data (n = 12), GSE119834 (n = 10). The P-value was calculated by a two-sided paired Wilcoxon rank-sum exact test. b Percentage of samples with MYC/MYCN amplification in long- (n = 25) and short-passage (n = 25) PDGCs. Cell lines cultured more than 10 passages were categorized as long-passage, otherwise, the cell lines were categorized as short-passage. The P-value was calculated by one-sided Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.036. c Percentage of samples with MYC/MYCN DNA amplification or with MYC/MYCN ecDNA amplification. The red bar indicates long-passage PDGCs, while the blue bar indicates short-passage PDGCs. Chr.: chromosomal DNA, ecDNA: extrachromosomal DNA. d The copy number of MYC. The blue bars represent the chromosomal copy number detected by WGS, the purple bars represent the ecDNA copy number detected by WGS, and the red bars represent the total copy number detected by ddPCR. e Representative FISH images showing the MYC/MYCN amplification in primary GBM tissues from patients CB1838, CB5304, and CB3145. The yellow arrow indicates cells with MYC/MYCN amplification. Scale bar, 20 μm. A total of 13 tissues were subject to FISH, of which 9 samples without MYC/MYCN amplification, 3 samples with MYC amplification, and 1 sample with MYCN amplification. f Heatmap showing the CNV of the indicated genes, colored by CNV status (red for amplification and blue for deletion). The rows represent cells isolated from GBM patients and the columns represent the genomic locations. CNV levels were inferred by R package infercnv. g Representative FISH images showing rare MYC-amplifying tumor cells in grades II, III, and IV glioma tissues. The yellow arrow indicates cells with MYC amplification. Scale bar, 20 μm. A total of 96 glioma tissues were tested, with grade II (n = 33), III (n = 24), and IV (n = 39). h Percentage of samples harboring more than three MYC amplification cells in grade II (n = 33), III (n = 24), and IV (n = 39) glioma tissues. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.