Fig. 2: An improvement of insulin sensitivity in male Pak4 KO mice.

a Body weights and their changes (Δbody weight) were monitored during 12 weeks of NCD- or HFD feeding (n = 5). ^*p < 0.05 and ^**p < 0.01 versus NCD WT; ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 versus NCD KO. b–f Fasting blood glucose (b, n = 5), plasma insulin (c, n = 5), HOMA-IR (d, n = 5), adiponectin (e, n = 5) and leptin (f, n = 5) levels were compared among groups. g–i Hyperinsulinemic and euglycemic clamp experiment was performed, and glucose infusion rate (g, n = 5), whole body glucose turnover rate (h, n = 5), and glucose transport into skeletal muscle (i, n = 5) were measured. j Male mice were fasted for 6 h and then intravenously injected with insulin (0.75 units/kg body weight). Five or ten minutes thereafter, skeletal muscle (SkM), epididymal adipose tissue (EAT), and liver tissues were harvested for the measurement of insulin sensitivity (n = 3 for Veh and n = 5 for insulin treatment). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Unpaired two-tailed t test (g–i) and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (a–j) were conducted for statistical analyzes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Veh, vehicle.