Fig. 6: Effects of PAK4 inhibition on glucose uptake.

a–c L6 myocytes were transfected with siRNA against PAK4 (siPAK4) or scrambled RNA (siCtrl), and then subjected to differentiation. Myotubes at day 5 were treated with 10 nM insulin for 10 min (a). In vitro glucose uptake (b) and glucose uptake-related signaling pathways (c) were determined in these cells (n = 3). d L6 myotubes were treated with various concentrations of PAK4 inhibitor (ND201651) alone or in the combination with 10 nM insulin for 10 min, and then glucose uptake was measured (n = 3). e, f L6 myotubes were treated with 100 nM ND201651 with or without 10 μM compound C (CC) or 10 μM SB203580 (SB). Representative confocal microscopy images of GLUT4 localization and their quantification results (e, n = 6) and in vitro glucose uptake (f, n = 3). g, h L6 myocytes were transfected with siRNA against AMPKα1 or 2 (siAMPKα1 or 2) or scrambled RNA (siCtrl). Myotubes at day 5 were treated with vehicle (Veh) or 100 nM ND201651 for 1 h. In vitro glucose uptake (g, n = 3) and western blot analysis of the glucose uptake-related signaling pathways (h) were performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey′s multiple comparisons test was conducted for statistical analyzes (b, d–g). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.