Fig. 4: Global spatial index reveals potential hot-spots of pinniped-fishery conflict.

Pixels represent the composite index of the potential for pinniped-fishery interactions at a spatial resolution of 0.5°, for which high values (purple) indicate high fishing effort, presence of pinnipeds and proximity to coast. Black circles and triangles describe study locations: circles indicate quantitative articles (n = 36) retained in meta-analyses; open triangles indicate non-standardised articles (qualitative, n = 13) that were excluded from our meta-analyses to ensure comparability.