Fig. 6: Wide field-of-view two-photon calcium imaging of PMdc and M1 after learning.
a A representative frame-averaged two-photon image of PMdc and M1. The dotted line indicates the putative border between PMdc and M1. Scale bar, 600 μm. b Expanded images of the boxed regions in (a). c Trial-averaged movement-onset-aligned activity of the arrowed PMdc (top) and M1 (middle) neurons in (b) for pull (red) and push (blue) trials. The bottom plot shows the trial-averaged movement-onset-aligned Y-axial pole trajectory. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. d Activities of all active neurons in PMdc and M1 that were aligned to the onset of the pole movement for pull and push trials (n = 10,510 PMdc neurons and 5451 M1 neurons). The neurons are ordered according to the timing of the maximum activity during –1 to +2 s from the movement onset. e The trial-averaged pole trajectory (gray) and the pole trajectory predicted from the activity of the PM neuron shown in (b). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. f Pseudo-color map of the cvR2 of pull-related (left) and push-related (right) neurons in the FOV shown in (a). g Proportions of PMdc and M1 neurons with cvR2 of >0.02 in pull and push trials. n = 6 sessions. The total numbers of pull-related neurons were 1838 in PMdc and 970 in M1. The total numbers of push-related neurons were 1663 in PMdc and 1013 in M1. Bars indicate the mean and error bars indicate SEM. Circles indicate the proportion in individual datasets. h The cvR2 of PMdc and M1 neurons with cvR2 of >0.02 for pull and push trials. Box plots represent the 95% confidence intervals of the median cvR2 of each group. The confidence interval was calculated by a bootstrap with 1000 repetitions. Box plot indicates the 2.5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97.5th percentile values of the bootstrap distribution. *P value < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, two-sided. P values for pull and push trials were 0.118 × 10–3 and 0.896 × 10–6, respectively. Source data are provided as the Source Data file.
