Table 1 Characteristics of the two epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 involved in the cholera outbreak in Lebanon in 2022–2023
From: An unusual two-strain cholera outbreak in Lebanon, 2022-2023: a genomic epidemiology study
Category | Predominant AMR strain (n = 31) | Minor XDR strain (n = 3) |
|---|---|---|
Serogroup and serotype, | O1, Ogawa | O1, Ogawa |
Sequence type | ST69 | ST69 |
Lineage | 7PET | 7PET |
Genomic wave | 3 | 3 |
Genetic markers | ctxB7, tcpACIRS101, VSP-II∆ | ctxB7, tcpACIRS101, VSP-II∆ |
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing | ||
Cefotaxime | Susceptible | Resistant |
Meropenem | Susceptible | Susceptible |
Erythromycin | Susceptible | Resistant |
Azithromycin | Susceptible | Resistant |
Nalidixic acid | Resistant | Resistant |
Ciprofloxacin | Intermediate | Intermediate |
Tetracycline | Susceptible | Susceptible |
O/129 | Resistant | Resistant |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | Susceptible | Resistant |
Nitrofurantoin | Resistant | Resistant |
Colistin | Susceptible | Susceptible |
Horizontally acquired AMR elements | ICEVchInd5∆a | ICEVchInd5∆, pCNRVC190243b |
Horizontally acquired AMR genes | dfrA1a | dfrA1, aadA2, sul1, blaPER-7, mph(A), msr(E), mph(E) |
Chromosomal gene mutations | AMR phenotype | AMR phenotype |
gyrA_S83I and parC_S85L | Resistance to nalidixic acid; decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin | Resistance to nalidixic acid; decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin |
VC0715_R169C and VCA0637_Q5Stop | Resistance to nitrofurantoin | Resistance to nitrofurantoin |
vprA_D89N | Susceptibility to colistin | Susceptibility to colistin |
