Fig. 1: Engineering the N-hydroxy pipecolic acid (NHP) biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis.
From: A NAC triad modulates plant immunity by negatively regulating N-hydroxy pipecolic acid biosynthesis
a Phenotypes of NHP producing Arabidopsis plants. Red arrows indicate yellow leaves in pNHP plants. b Small size of leaves and earlier senescence phenotypes in pNHP plants. c, d Abundance of NHP and SA in leaves of WT and pNHP plants. e–h Transcript levels of defense-related genes in the leaves of WT and pNHP plants. Leaves of WT and pNHP plants (pNHP-1 and pNHP-2) at 28 days were subjected to metabolite analysis by Quattro LC Triple Quad mass spectrometer and transcript analysis by RT-PCR. AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN 1, ALD1; SAR DEFICIENT 4, SARD4; FLAVIN MONOOXYGENASE 1, FMO1; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1, PR1. WT, wild-type Arabidopsis plant; pNHP, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the NHP biosynthetic pathway genes. Two different pNHP independent lines are shown (marked as 1 and 2). In (a), and (b), bar = 1 cm. Values showed here were the average of three biological replicates and error bars represent the SDs of three independent biological replicates (n = 3). ND, not detectable. Asterisks indicate significant changes compared to WT samples as calculated by two-tailed t test (*p value < 0.05; **p value < 0.01; ***p value < 0.001, p values are shown in the Source Data file).
