Fig. 2: Proteomics analysis reveals a potential regulator of NHP biosynthesis.

a Label-free proteomics identified 585 proteins showing differential abundance in pNHP plants as compared to WT ones. A total of 4257 proteins (pink color) were identified and quantified. Of these, 534 (yellow color) and 51 (brown color) proteins were up-regulated or down-regulated in pNHP relative to WT plants. b Venn diagram showing overlapping transcripts/proteins between the differentially accumulated proteins found in this study and NHP response genes obtained from available transcriptomics data²² (ArrayExpress accession number E-MTAB-10230). The blue, orange, and brown colors represent the number of NHP-induced genes (NHP+), differentially accumulated proteins in pNHP plants (pNHP), and NHP-repressed genes (NHP-), respectively. c A heatmap displaying 585 differentially accumulated proteins in pNHP plants relative to their expression in WT samples. The color scale represents log2 fold change. Each row in the color heat map represents a single protein. Two different pNHP independent lines are shown (marked as 1 and 2). d GO annotation of proteins detected as differentially accumulating in pNHP plants as compared to the WT ones. e Relative abundance of the NAC90 protein in WT and pNHP plants. Values showed here were the average of three biological replicates and error bars represent the SDs of three independent biological replicates (n = 3). Asterisks indicate significant changes compared to WT samples as calculated by two-tailed t test (***p value < 0.001, p values are shown in the Source Data file).