Fig. 5: Temporal overview of the lightning/whistler echo trains observations.
From: Whistler echo trains triggered by energetic winter lightning
a Magnetic field amplitude of the sferics ground waves normalized to 1000 km as a function of time. b Lightning rates calculated separately for three thunderstorm systems. We use the same colours as in previous sections (orange for the Eastern and African Mediterranean storm system, green for Central Mediterranean, and blue for the Northern storm. The arrows indicate the time estimates of the sunrise at the storm system locations obtained using the NOAA tool (https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solcalc/). The black arrow represents the time of the sunrise at the receiver location. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
