Fig. 1: Structural and physical properties of GaN NWs decorated with/without Ru nanoparticles.

A 45°-tilted SEM image of Ru NPs-decorated GaN NWs/Si. HR: H2 activity; TOF: turnover frequency; TON: turnover numbers. B HAADF-STEM and EDS mapping images of Ru NPs-decorated GaN NWs. High-resolution XPS spectra of (C) Ga 2p, (D) N 1 s, (E) Ru 3d. F Bader charge analysis between Ru and GaN. The yellow and cyan regions indicate the gain and loss of electronic charge respectively, with an isosurface of 0.008 e/Å3. Ga, blue; N, yellow; and Ru, salmon. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.