Fig. 4: The polarization curves obtained by DOE MEA test protocol of PGM-free electrocatalyst.

a H2–O2 polarization curves, acquired from OCV to 0.70 V in 25 mV steps and 0.70 V to 0.25 V in 50 mV steps, with a hold time of 45 s per point. 0.3 L H2 min−1 and 0.4 L O2 min−1 feed, 100% relative humidity (RH), 150 kPa absolute partial pressure H2 and O2, 80 °C. b H2–O2 polarization curve with iR-correction. c H2–air polarization curves. d Tafel plots derived from the ORR polarization curves displayed in (c).