Fig. 1: Cachexia development in monocytic leukemia mice.

a Schematic of experimental design. b White blood cell (WBC) counts in PB from control and Mo-Leukemia mice (n = 7 mice per each). c–e Flow cytometric analysis of total PB from control (n = 6 mice) and Mo-Leukemia mice (n = 7 mice). Representative flow cytometry plots (c), frequencies of total monocytes in PB (d) and Ly6C⁺ inflammatory monocytes in total monocytes (e) are shown. f Flow cytometric analysis of total BM cells from control (n = 3 mice) and Mo-Leukemia (n = 7 mice) mice. The frequencies of monocytes in BM are shown. g Body weight of the control and Mo-Leukemia mice (n = 7 mice per group) after transplantation. h Skeletal muscle weights of control (n = 5 mice, at 6 to 10 weeks after BMT) and Mo-Leukemia mice (n = 7 mice, at the endpoint or 10 weeks after BMT). Weights are normalized to the initial body weight (IBW) and presented as weight/100 mg IBW. i, j HE staining and cross-sectional area (CSA) of quadriceps from control and Mo-Leukemia mice (n = 3 mice per group). Representative images (i) and average (j) of CSA are shown. Scale bar, 50 μm. k mRNA expression levels of muscle atrophy markers in quadriceps from control and Mo-Leukemia mice (n = 5 mice per each) at the endpoint. Log2 fold change values compared to mean values of control are shown. l Forelimb grip strength of control (n = 5) and Mo-Leukemia mice (n = 6 mice) at the endpoint. The values were normalized to those of the control group. m Schematic of the co-culture assay. n Representative immunofluorescence images of C2C12 myotubes. Scale bar, 100 μm. o Relative diameter of C2C12 myotubes after co-culture with inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. Representative results from more than three independent experiments are shown. The number of muscle fibers analyzed in each sample is shown. Statistical analyses were performed using a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. NS is not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.