Fig. 5: Measured THz energy as a function of injected bunch charge.
From: Towards higher frequencies in a compact prebunched waveguide THz-FEL

Energy is recorded with a pyro detector and charge is measured with an integrating current transformer located between the gun and the linac. Shading shows simulated energy content of the high and low frequencies. The black dotted line is a fit to the data for charges below 50 pC where transmission losses are negligible, showing the expected quadratic growth.