Fig. 1: Overall mutations in the spike, prevalence, and antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant.
From: Structural basis for the evolution and antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and JN.1 subvariants
a The schematic diagram of several SARS-CoV-2 BA.2-related subvariants evolution. Some additional mutations in the spike acquired by XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, HK.3, BA.2.86, and JN.1 were displayed. b The relative frequencies of BA.2.86 and JN.1* over time. The data to produce the chart were collected from the GISAID database and updated on 30 June 2024. Of which, JN.1* combine the JN.1 and its main sublineages including JN.1.1, JN.1.4, JN.1.4.5, JN.1.7, JN.1.11, JN.1.16, JN.1.16.1, KP.1.1, KP.2, KP.2.3, KP.3, KP.3.1.1, KP.3.2, and KP.3.3 variants. The neutralization of 20 BA.4 or BA.5 breakthrough infected human plasma samples collected in the early stage of breakthrough infection (c: Visit 1) and in another follow-up (d: Visit 2, an interval of 7–15 days) against WT, BA.2, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, HK.3, BA.2.86, and JN.1, respectively. The 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) values are means of two independent experiments. Data are presented as geometric mean values ± standard deviation (SD). The number, GMT, fold change, and significance of difference are labeled on the top. “-” represents decreased value. e Fold change in the enhanced neutralization of WT, BA.2, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, HK.3, BA.2.86, and JN.1 by the BA.4 or BA.5 breakthrough infection. The fold change was obtained through the calculation of ID50 in Visit 2 divided by ID50 in Visit 1. Data are presented as geometric mean values ± SD. The statistical significance in (c–e) was performed using two-tailed Kruskal–Wallis test with paired Wilcoxon’s multiple-comparison test. ns: P > 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. f The neutralization of mAbs against WT, BA.2, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, HK.3, BA.2.86, and JN.1 pseudoviruses. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values are means of two independent experiments. The neutralization potency is marked in the different color. Red: high, yellow: moderate, green: weak, gray: non-neutralization (IC50 > 50 μg/mL). The neutralization breadth is defined as the percentage of pseudoviruses neutralized by each mAb. The neutralization potency is calculated by the geometric mean of neutralizing values <50 μg/mL. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
