Fig. 1: Fabrication and performance of EVADE materials.
From: Immunocompatible elastomer with increased resistance to the foreign body response
a Photograph showing the flexible sheet of PDMS and EVADE material (H90) and their corresponding chemical structure. b XRD analysis of EVADE materials with different HPEMA proportions. c Stress-strain curves under room temperature. Sample width, 2 mm; thickness, 1 mm; gauge length, 12 mm. Stretching speed, 10 mm min−1. d Stress-strain curves of H90 in cyclic tensile tests (80% strain in successive stretching). Sample width, 2 mm; thickness, 1 mm; gauge length, 12 mm. Stretching speed, 5 mm min−1. e Discs made of PDMS and EVADE materials (H50, H70, and H90) with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 1 mm were implanted subcutaneously (SubQ) on mouse backs. The tissue surrounding the implants was analyzed 14, 30, 90, 180, and 360 days post-implantation. Created with BioRender.com released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license. f Digital photos, H&E-, and Masson’s trichrome (M&T)-stained histological sections of excised tissue around PDMS and EVADE elastomers 1-month post-implantation (representative for n = 6 biologically independent samples). The white dashed circle represents the PDMS disc that is vague to the naked eye due to strong collagen capsule encapsulation after implantation. The asterisk sign “*“ in the section images denotes the original locations of the implants. Scale bar = 50 μm. g Distribution of collagen capsule thickness measured by M&T staining induced by PDMS and EVADE elastomers. The dashed lines in each data group represent the average (n = 6 mice per group). h Thickness of the collagen capsule induced by PDMS and EVADE elastomers in each mouse (n = 6 biologically independent replicates, mean ± s.d.). i H&E-, and Masson’s trichrome (M&T)-stained histological sections of excised tissue around H90 and commonly used implantable elastomers 1-month post-implantation (representative for n = 6 biologically independent samples). Scale bar = 50 μm. j Thickness of the collagen capsule induced by H90 and commonly used implantable elastomers in each mouse (n = 6 biologically independent replicates, mean ± s.d.). Statistical significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni multiple comparison test.
