Table 1 Overview of participants, their health status, the derived cultures and the outcome of the metagenomic profiling of the original fecal sample^a

PARTICIPANTS			CULTIVATION			METAGENOMIC PROFILING
#	Disorder	breath CH₄ [ppm]	Enrichment cultures (medium/syntroph)	Predominant archaeon	CH₄ [%]	Bacteria [%]	Archaea [%]	M. smithii [% of archaea]	Cand. M. intestini [% of archaea]
P15	None	30	P15 (MpT1 / B. t.)	M. smithii	16.5	99.76	0.24	88.8	5.1
P15	None	30	P15 (MS / B. t.)	M. smithii	20.7	99.76	0.24	88.8	5.1
P20	None	17	P20 (MS / B. t.)	M. smithii	22.2	99.82	0.18	76.5	3.5
P31	None	70	P31 (MS / B. t.)	M. smithii	23.6	n.a.
P32	None	44	P32 (MS / B. t.)	M. smithii + DS	23.4	99.87	0.13	90.8	6.3
P45	None	16	P45 (MS / B. t.)	Cand. M. intestini	23.8	99.84	0.16	7.9	79.5
P46	None	21	P46 (MpT1 / B. t.)	Cand. M. intestini	24.2	99.49	0.51	8.6	89.9
P51	None	28	P51 (MS / B. t.)	Cand. M. intestini	5.5	99.96	0.04	6.5	83.1
P82	None	22	P82 (MpT1)	Cand. M. intestini	25.2	n.a.
P34	CD, flatulence, abdominal pain	22	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
P48	IBS	26	P48 (MpT1 / B. t.)	M. smithii	22.2	99.66	0.34	94.0	5.3
P61	IBS, Lactose I, SIBO	21	P61 (MpT1)	M. smithii	23	n.a.
P66	Lactose I	55	P66 (MS / B. t.)	M. smithii Cand. M. intestini	21.8	99.16	0.84	94.6	4.8
P85	CD	6	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	99.99	0.01	0	0
P86	Lactose I	13	P86 (MS / B. t.)	Cand. M. intestini + DS	22.4	99.99	0.01	63.9	3.8
P86	Lactose I	13	P86 (MS)	M. smithii + DS	21.1	99.99	0.01	63.9	3.8
P88	IBS, lactose I, fructose I	8	P88 (MS)	M. smithii	22.3	99.87	0.13	72.4	3.8
P89	IBS, lactose I, pancreatic inflam.	10	P89 (MS / B. t.)	Cand. M. intestini	21.2	99.78	0.22	5.6	88.6

^aCD: Crohn’s Disease, IBS: Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome, Lactose I: Lactose intolerance, Fructose I: Fructose intolerance, SIBO: Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. CH₄ analysis indicated the presence of methanogenic archaea in the participant’s microbiome. Derived cultures are labeled according to the participant number, the culture medium (MS: MS medium, MpT1: MpT1 medium), and the supplementation with B. thetaiotaomicron (B.t.). Additional genomes acquired through dilution series are annotated with + DS. The predominant archaeon as detected through Nanopore sequencing is given, and the outcome of the CH₄ measurement of the cultures 10 days of incubation at 37 °C. The metagenomic information of the original fecal sample was analyzed with respect to the relative abundance of Bacteria, Archaea, M. smithii and Cand. M. intestini.

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