Fig. 2: Map-based cloning of soybean shattering resistance genes.

a Physical positions of shattering QTL region identified using the two RIL populations from Williams 82 × PI 468916 and Williams 82 × PI 479752, respectively. The black boxes indicate the shattering QTL region defined on chromosome 16 according to the Williams 82 reference genome assembly 2.0. b Fine mapping of shattering resistance genes. The physical positions of molecular markers used for fine mapping are shown. Recombinants carrying crossovers are identified using molecular markers and phenotypes from the two RIL populations derived from Williams 82 × PI 468916 and Williams 82 × PI 479752. Black bars indicate G. soja genotype, and gray bars indicate Williams 82 genotype. The annotated genes in the mapped region are shown. Arrows indicate the deduced direction of causal genes. c Polymorphisms in the coding sequence of Glyma.16g141100 and Pdh1 that result in amino acid changes between shattering resistant line Williams 82 and susceptible lines PI 468916 and PI 479752. d The expression levels of Glyma.16g141100, Glyma.16g141200, Glyma.16g141300 and Pdh1 in developing soybean pods in the parental line Williams 82, PI 468916, and PI 479752. The expression levels of these genes relative to a GmCons4 gene were analyzed by qRT-PCR. R1: beginning bloom, R2: full bloom, R3: beginning pod, R4: full pod, R5: beginning seed, R6: full seed. n = 3 biological samples for d. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. The statistical significance is determined by a two-sided t test, and ***, **, * indicate P < 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.