Fig. 7: Estimated energy diagram of the ITO (100 nm)/CuPc (40 nm)/F₁₆CuPc (40 nm)/C₆₀ (40 nm)/BCP (20 nm) layers.

The vacuum level shift at each layer and interface was carefully depicted with the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. In the case of the BCP layer, the expected mid-gap states were shown as the red dotted line.