Fig. 3: Percent change in hospitalization rate for heart failure associated with 1-μg/m3 increase in long-term exposure to air pollution at low concentrations in stratified analyses in three-pollutant models using double negative control adjustment. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Percent change in hospitalization rate for heart failure associated with 1-μg/m3 increase in long-term exposure to air pollution at low concentrations in stratified analyses in three-pollutant models using double negative control adjustment.

From: Air pollution below US regulatory standards and cardiovascular diseases using a double negative control approach

Fig. 3

Statistical significance is calculated via a two-tailed t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Error bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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