Fig. 2: Characterizations of Ru/NbOx and its analogs.
From: Ambient-pressure alkoxycarbonylation for sustainable synthesis of ester
a‒c HRTEM of 2 wt.% Ru/NbOx and crystal plane (001) model of Nb2O5. d O1s XPS. e, f Oxygen vacancy concentrations and EPR spectra. g Quasi-in situ Ru 3d XPS. h CO-probe FTIR of 2 wt.% Ru/NbOx.
