Table 3 Within and between-group changes in secondary outcomes in the AAC+Ed and Control+Ed groups

From: Impact of provision of abdominal aortic calcification results on fruit and vegetable intake: 12-week randomized phase 2 controlled trial

 

AAC+Ed group

Control+Ed group

  
 

n

Mean ± SD or (95% CI)

n

Mean ± SD or (95% CI)

Mean net difference in change (95% CI) a

p-value Interaction b

Dietary Guideline Index

 Baseline

120

28.63 ± 8.52

117

26.49 ± 7.78

  

 12 weeks

115

30.27 ± 8.19

112

28.93 ± 7.36

  

 Within-group change c

115

1.72 (0.34, 3.09)*

112

2.50 (1.11, 3.89)***

−0.78 (−2.74, 1.17)

0.433

Physical activity (total h/week)

 Baseline

121

16.19 (15.58, 17.80)

119

14.60 (12.89, 16.29)

  

 12 weeks

121

15.73 (13.52, 17.95)

119

14.71 (12.60, 16.82)

  

 Within-group change c

121

−0.45 (−2.46, 1.55)

119

0.12 (−1.90, 2.14)

−0.57 (−3.42, 2.27)

0.692

Physical activity – moderate to vigorous (total h/week)

 Baseline

121

8.33 (7.15, 9.50)

119

6.90 (5.78, 8.01)

  

 12 weeks

121

8.33 (6.85, 9.81)

119

7.50 (6.23, 8.76)

  

 Within-group change c

121

0.01 (−1.23, 1.25)

119

0.60 (−0.65, 1.85)

−0.59 (−2.35, 1.17)

0.513

Body weight (kg)

 Baseline

121

75.50 ± 15.71

119

77.77 ± 15.41

  

 12 weeks

115

74.58 ± 15.60

112

77.19 ± 15.45

  

 Within-group change c

115

−0.59 (−0.94, −0.23)**

112

−0.55 (−0.91, −0.19)**

−0.03 (−0.54, 0.47)

0.895

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 Baseline

119

121 ± 16

117

121 ± 15

  

 12 weeks

115

121 ± 15

112

123 ± 16

  

 Within-group change c

115

0 (−2, 2)

112

1 (−1, 4)

−2 (−5, 2)

0.367

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 Baseline

119

68 ± 9

117

69 ± 8

  

 12 weeks

115

68 ± 9

112

69 ± 8

  

 Within-group change

115

0 (−1, 1)

112

0 (−1, 1)

−1 (−2, 1)

0.529

Heart Rate (beats/min)

 Baseline

119

70 ± 11

117

69 ± 10

  

 12 weeks

115

66 ± 10

112

66 ± 10

  

 Within-group change c

115

−4 (−5, −2)***

112

−3 (−5, −2)***

0 (−2, 2)

0.845

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

 Baseline

121

1.57 ± 0.80

117

1.59 ± 0.88

  

 12 weeks

115

1.45 ± 0.64

112

1.56 ± 0.90

  

 Within-group change c

115

−0.14 (−0.25, −0.03)*

112

−0.04 (−0.15, 0.08)

−0.10 (−0.27, 0.05)

0.200

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

 Baseline

121

5.35 ± 1.13

117

5.20 ± 1.13

  

 12 weeks

115

5.17 ± 1.16

112

5.22 ± 1.20

  

 Within-group change c

115

−0.21 (−0.34, −0.08)**

112

0.02 (−0.11, 0.14)

−0.22 (−0.41, −0.04)

0.015

HDL-c (mmol/L)

 Baseline

121

1.54 ± 0.38

117

1.50 ± 0.36

  

 12 weeks

115

1.50 ± 0.37

112

1.51 ± 0.36

  

 Within-group change c

115

−0.03 (−0.07, 0.00)

112

0 (−0.03, 0.04)

−0.04 (−0.08, 0.01)

0.154

LDL-c (mmol/L)

 Baseline

121

3.10 ± 1.01

117

2.97 ± 0.98

  

 12 weeks

115

3.01 ± 1.00

112

3.01 ± 1.01

  

 Within-group change c

115

−0.12 (−0.23, −0.01)*

112

0.03 (−0.08, 0.14)

−0.16 (−0.31, 0.00)

0.049

Non-HDL-c (mmol/L)

 Baseline

121

3.81 ± 1.08

117

3.70 ± 1.10

  

 12 weeks

115

3.67 ± 1.07

112

3.72 ± 1.13

  

 Within-group change c

115

−0.18 (−0.29, −0.06)*

112

0.01 (−0.10, 0.13)

−0.19 (−0.35, −0.03)

0.022

Glucose (mmol/L)

 Baseline

121

5.09 ± 0.86

117

4.95 ± 0.59

  

 12 weeks

115

5.06 ± 0.56

112

5.24 ± 0.83

  

 Within-group change c

115

−0.03 (−0.19, 0.13)

112

0.28 (0.12, 0.45)***

−0.32 (−0.55, −0.08)

0.007

Australian CVD-risk (%)

 Baseline

115

4.40 ± 2.33

113

4.28 ± 2.41

  

 12 weeks

112

4.42 ± 2.23

110

4.47 ± 2.51

  

 Within-group change

113

−0.03 (−0.20, 0.13)

110

0.20 (0.04, 0.37)*

−0.24 (−0.47, −0.02)

0.048

  1. Baseline and 12-week data were estimated using descriptive statistics in Stata, with mean ± SD (or 95%CI) reported. Within-group changes and mean between-group differences for the change over time were estimated using linear mixed models with values representing means and 95% CI. * Indicate statistical significance within-group changes from baseline to 12 weeks (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05). Bold p-values indicate statistical significance between-group differences. Abbreviations: CVD cardiovascular disease, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC Total cholesterol.
  2. a Difference in change between AAC+Ed vs. Control+Ed groups.
  3. b p-values for the interaction between treatment group and timepoint from linear mixed models.
  4. c Within-group change from post-estimation margins.
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