Fig. 3: The Manhattan plots for GWAS meta-analyses of thyroid dysfunction.

A Subclinical hypothyroidism, B isolated hypothyroxinemia, C overt hyperthyroidism, and D subclinical hyperthyroidism. After performing GWAS analysis of Longgang Study and Baoan Study using plink2.0, meta-analysis was subsequently completed using METAL software. The P value threshold for determining whether SNP signals were significant was adopted from the Bonferroni-corrected threshold commonly used for GWAS analysis(P < 5 × 10⁻⁸). The x coordinate of the SNPs in the plot represents their position on each chromosome when the y-coordinate implies their P value (−log10 scale) of the association test. The black dotted horizontal line indicates the significant threshold for the genome-wide association test (i.e., 5 × 10⁻⁸). Genomic loci containing phenotype-associated variants previously reported in the GWAS catalog are colored in black, while novel loci are colored in red.