Fig. 7: Experiment 3: Self-Segregation Task.

a We also tested the artificial fish (n = 8) in a self-segregation task, where we spawned the fish in the middle of the chamber, then measured the distances between all of the fish to measure whether they spontaneously self-segregated into groups. b Results on the self-segregation task. The fish reared in the orange group self-segregated with orange fish versus blue fish, and the fish reared in the blue group self-segregated with blue fish versus orange fish. c Contrary to the artificial fish reared in groups, the artificial fish reared separately spent similar amounts of time with in-group versus out-group members. Paired samples t-tests (two-tailed) were performed to determine statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, uncorrected; the exact p values and raw values are provided in the Source Data). Black dots indicate performance of individual artificial fish. Data are presented as mean values. Error bars indicate ±1 SEM.