Fig. 8: Summary figure.

Across three experiments, we show that biological and artificial fish (embodied deep neural networks) develop the same social behaviors when reared in the same environments. Experiment 1 reports the parallel development of collective behavior in biological and artificial fish; Experiment 2 shows that the artificial fish learn social behavior in naturalistic ocean environments; and Experiment 3 reports the parallel development of social preferences in biological and artificial fish. Our study provides a foundation for reverse engineering the origins and development of social behavior using image-computable models from artificial intelligence.