Table 1 Species model summary: Disturbance intensity in activity and displacements

Acinonyx jubatus

Cheetah

1.160

1.294

3.799

0.058

Alces alces

Moose

1.993

2.000

190.955

<0.001

1.994

2.000

76.011

<0.001

Antidorcas marsupialis

Springbok

1.000

1.000

1.333

0.248

1.000

1.000

0.176

0.675

Bison bison

American Bison

1.000

1.000

11.711

0.001

Bison bonasus

European Bison

1.859

1.980

6.700

0.001

1.000

1.001

6.856

0.009

Canis aureus

Golden Jackal

1.904

1.991

14.369

<0.001

1.000

1.000

0.441

0.507

Canis latrans

Coyote

1.940

1.996

25.793

<0.001

Canis lupus

Gray Wolf

1.894

1.989

37.056

<0.001

1.684

1.900

12.894

<0.001

Capra ibex

Alpine Ibex

1.936

1.996

92.773

<0.001

1.664

1.887

1.924

0.098

Capreolus capreolus

Roe Deer

1.996

2.000

150.162

<0.001

1.996

2.000

30.008

<0.001

Cervus elaphus

Red Deer

1.942

1.997

31.220

<0.001

1.961

1.999

16.210

<0.001

Chlorocebus pygerythrus

Vervet Monkey

1.000

1.000

0.302

0.583

1.000

1.000

0.082

0.775

Crocuta crocuta

Spotted Hyena

1.875

1.984

4.426

0.014

1.387

1.625

9.713

<0.001

Cryptoprocta ferox

Fossa

1.000

1.000

0.335

0.563

1.886

1.987

8.911

<0.001

Equus hemionus

Mongolian Khulan

1.000

1.000

5.465

0.019

1.925

1.994

30.232

<0.001

Erinaceus europaeus

European Hedgehog

1.891

1.988

5.816

0.004

1.000

1.000

0.001

0.983

Eulemur rufifrons

Red-fronted Lemur

1.000

1.000

0.061

0.805

1.000

1.000

0.059

0.809

Felis chaus

Jungle Cat

1.812

1.965

14.060

<0.001

1.000

1.000

8.527

0.004

Felis silvestris

Wildcat

1.000

1.000

1.337

0.248

1.754

1.939

1.323

0.262

Gazella subgutturosa

Goitered Gazelle

1.280

1.481

9.762

<0.001

1.669

1.891

1.114

0.256

Genetta genetta

Common Genet

1.809

1.964

15.326

<0.001

1.448

1.695

2.954

0.130

Ichneumia albicauda

White-tailed Mongoose

1.919

1.993

14.329

<0.001

1.000

1.000

1.277

0.259

Lepus europaeus

European Hare

1.195

1.352

18.290

<0.001

1.000

1.000

6.623

0.010

Lynx lynx

Eurasian Lynx

1.811

1.964

20.903

<0.001

1.694

1.907

4.823

0.025

Lynx rufus

Bobcat

1.313

1.528

7.565

0.006

1.000

1.000

0.439

0.508

Madoqua guentheri

Günther’s dik-dik

1.000

1.000

1.165

0.281

1.289

1.495

0.347

0.766

Odocoileus virginianus

White-tailed Deer

1.000

1.000

<0.001

0.993

1.000

1.000

18.475

<0.001

Ovibos moschatus

Muskox

1.000

1.000

4.636

0.031

1.205

1.369

1.557

0.283

Panthera leo

African Lion

1.000

1.000

1.889

0.169

1.010

1.020

0.028

0.886

Panthera pardus

Leopard

1.758

1.941

8.783

0.001

1.685

1.901

5.692

0.013

Papio anubis

Olive Baboon

1.000

1.000

0.178

0.673

1.000

1.000

0.666

0.415

Procyon lotor

Raccoon

1.266

1.461

2.380

0.168

1.000

1.000

1.802

0.180

Propithecus verreauxi

Verreaux’s Sifaka

1.000

1.000

0.099

0.753

1.718

1.921

4.117

0.041

Puma concolor

Cougar

1.000

1.000

0.001

0.971

1.000

1.000

2.255

0.133

Sus scrofa

Wild Boar

1.867

1.982

418.661

<0.001

1.000

1.000

53.265

<0.001

Tragelaphus oryx

Gemsbok

1.760

1.943

1.990

0.166

1.861

1.981

7.511

0.001

Tragelaphus strepsiceros

Greater Kudu

1.096

1.183

0.438

0.483

1.000

1.000

0.373

0.541

Ursus americanus

American Black Bear

1.928

1.995

76.150

<0.001

1.826

1.970

13.861

<0.001

Ursus arctos

Brown Bear

1.552

1.799

2.919

0.121

1.529

1.778

3.161

0.104

Viverra tangalunga

African Civet

1.563

1.809

12.381

<0.001

1.369

1.602

5.142

0.026

Vulpes bengalensis

Bengal Fox

1.811

1.964

6.690

0.004

1.000

1.000

0.501

0.479

Vulpes vulpes

Red Fox

1.650

1.878

6.532

0.008

1.000

1.000

1.367

0.242

s(ID)

1248

1451

6.584

<0.001

1063

1261

4.589

<0.001

s(sex)

0.140

1.000

1.159

0.312

0.001

1.000

<0.001

0.472

R-sq. (adj)

Deviance explained

n