Fig. 5: Differences in activation of gastric myenteric neurons by VNS and GES. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Differences in activation of gastric myenteric neurons by VNS and GES.

From: In vivo imaging of vagal-induced myenteric plexus responses in gastrointestinal tract with an optical window

Fig. 5

a Schematic of the response to VNS and GES by in vivo imaging at the same location of  gastric MP. The schematic shows electrode implantation for GES in a detailed view depicted inside a purple box, and the connection of the electrode and coverslip via dental cement illustrated inside a blue box. b Acquired images during in vivo confocal imaging: before stimulation, 58.5 seconds after vague nerve stimulation, and 201.5 seconds after gastric electric stimulation. Yellow boxes are ganglion of interest, and white arrows are neurons of interest. All scale bars are 50 μm. c Changes in calcium intensity (ΔF/F0) from b ganglion and neurons responds to 10 Hz VNS and GES. Three times for both VNS (purple arrows) and GES (blue arrows). d Calcium intensity of ganglion changed during 30 seconds before and after the first stimulation at 10 Hz VNS and GES. e Tissue movement of the stomach after GES and VNS. f Difference in risetime of calcium transients induced by 10 Hz VNS and GES. (t2 = 9, *p < 0.5, n = 3 mice). g Percentages of responsive neurons per ganglion after 10 Hz VNS and GES (t2 = 14.42, p = 0.005, n = 3 mice). Star indicates a significant difference between VNS and GES. f, g paired Student t-test (Two-tailed), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. h Schematic representation of the differences between VNS and GES activation of ENS. LM, longitudinal muscle, CM, circular muscle, and SM, submucosal muscle. All data are mean ± s.e.m.

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