Fig. 1: Illustration of an ideal BPM-based membrane electrode assembly for CO2-to-CO electrolysis.
From: Local ionic transport enables selective PGM-free bipolar membrane electrode assembly

a A schematic illustration of an ideal BPMEA cell configuration. b Elucidation of the use of the reverted CO2 from (bi)carbonate acidification for CO2 reduction at the interface between the cathode and cation-exchange layer (CEL). c Water dissociation at the interface between CEL and anion-exchange layer (AEL).