Fig. 4: The effects of the cathode/CEL spacer on the performance of the BPMEA cell.
From: Local ionic transport enables selective PGM-free bipolar membrane electrode assembly
a A schematic of the spacer at the cathode/CEL interface. Comparison of the b CO Faradaic efficiency and c CO2-to-CO utilisation efficiency versus total current densities of the BPMEA with and without the spacer. The BPMEA cell used cathodes with NiNC-IMI catalyst with 15% Sustainion ionomer as the catalyst layer. The error bar represents standard deviations over at least three tests.
