Fig. 2: Transition plants: vehicle assembly plants that have fully transitioned from assembling internal combustion engine vehicles to battery electric vehicles.
From: Higher labor intensity in US automotive assembly plants after transitioning to electric vehicles
a Map of U.S. automotive vehicle assembly activity as of 2022. The colormap shows the number of workers classified under “motor vehicle manufacturing” (NAICS code 3361) for each state. Markers highlight major manufacturing plants in each state. Three “transition plants” have been identified as examples of complete ICEV-to-BEV production transformations: (1) Alameda County, CA, representing the transition of the former New United Motors Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) vehicle assembly plant, which assembled ICEV passenger vehicles, to the Tesla plant which assembles BEVs; (2) Oakland County, Michigan, representing the transition from the production of General Motors ICEVs to the Chevy Bolt BEV over six years; and (3) McLean County, Illinois, representing the transition of the former Mitsubishi vehicle assembly plant to the Rivian plant which assembles electric pick-up trucks. b Possible trajectories of vehicle assembly workforce size that this work seeks to clarify. ICEV: internal combustion engine vehicle. BEV: battery electric vehicle. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
