Fig. 3: Vehicle production, workforce size, and labor intensity in Alameda County, California.
From: Higher labor intensity in US automotive assembly plants after transitioning to electric vehicles
a Before 2010, the New United Motors Manufacturing Incorporated (NUMMI) factory produced internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), including the Corolla and the Tacoma. The factory has since been taken over by Tesla, which has been producing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) for over a decade. The green shaded areas indicate BEV production. The gray shaded areas indicate ICEV production. b Annual vehicle production volumes. c Employment numbers, sourced from government data (U.S. Quarterly Workforce Indicators, North American Industry Classification System code 3361) and news reports. d Labor intensity in Alameda compared to the U.S. average. Labor intensity is measured in workers needed to produce 1000 vehicles per annum (WPV). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
