Fig. 1: An. gambiae salivary protein AGAP011026 activates tPA. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: An. gambiae salivary protein AGAP011026 activates tPA.

From: Mosquito salivary apyrase regulates blood meal hemostasis and facilitates malaria parasite transmission

Fig. 1

a Diagram summarizing clotting and fibrinolysis. PTb: pro-thrombin, Tb: thrombin, PLG: plasminogen, Pm: plasmin, PAI: plasminogen activator inhibitor, t-PA: tissue plasminogen activator, α2AP: α−2 antiplasmin. b Workflow diagram to identify the mosquito salivary protein activating tPA. Figure 1b was created with BioRender.com released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license. c, d Fluorogenic assay for single-chain tPA (sc-tPA) activation reveals that mosquito salivary gland extracts (SG) (c) and saliva (d) activate sc-tPA. Heating the extract at 65 °C or 100 °C prevents tPA activation. n = 2, each performed in duplicates. One-way ANOVA with Å Ă­dĂ¡k’s multiple comparisons test, *P = 0.0214, ****P < 0.0001. e Fractions from An. gambiae salivary gland extracts obtained by size-exclusion chromatography were tested for tPA activation. Representative experiment. n = 1. f Mosquito salivary proteins shortlisted as potential tPA activators. g An. gambiae salivary 5’ nucleotidase ecto (Ag5’NTE) identified as the saliva tPA activator. n = 3. One-way ANOVA with Å Ă­dĂ¡k’s multiple comparisons test, *P = 0.0226, **P = 0.0042. Error bars ± S.E.M. Source Data are provided as a Source Data file.

Back to article page