Fig. 2: Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy spectro-ptychography of Zn dendrites.

a, b Ptychography averaged amplitude (optical density) and phase images from O K-edge and Zn L-edge in region 1 after 7 plating/stripping cycles, respectively. c Chemical mapping of Zn dendrites by ptychography amplitude images in region 1. d, e Ptychography averaged amplitude (optical density) and phase images from O K-edge and Zn L-edge in region 2 after 7 plating/stripping cycles, respectively. f Chemical mapping of Zn dendrites by ptychography amplitude images in region 2 (a–f: scale bar: 1 µm). g–j Amplitude (absorption) and phase spectra extracted from “Thoracic” and “Cluster”-like dendrites in regions 1 and 2.