Table 2 Prior vaccination and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 according to infecting lineage

From: Immune escape and attenuated severity associated with the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage

Exposure

Cases, n/N (%)

Odds ratio (95% CI), JN.1 vs. non-JN.1 infection

 

S-gene detected (non-BA.2.86 lineage)

S-gene target failure (BA.2.86-derived lineage)

Unadjusteda

Adjustedb

 

N = 4614

N = 3080

  

Receipt of updated COVID-19 vaccinesc

  No XBB.1.5 (monovalent) vaccine doses

4041 (87.6)

2579 (83.7)

ref.

ref.

  Any XBB.1.5 (monovalent) vaccine doses

573 (12.4)

501 (16.3)

1.23 (1.11, 1.35)

1.14 (1.01, 1.28)

  No BA.4/BA.5 (bivalent) vaccine doses

3205 (69.5)

1996 (64.8)

ref.

ref.

  Any BA.4/BA.5 (bivalent) vaccine doses

1409 (30.5)

1084 (35.2)

1.14 (1.06, 1.23)

1.10 (1.01, 1.20)

  0 Omicron-targeted vaccine doses

3096 (67.1)

1927 (62.6)

ref.

ref.

  Any Omicron-targeted vaccine

1518 (32.9)

1153 (37.4)

1.13 (1.05, 1.22)

1.12 (1.03, 1.21)

  Both BA.4/BA.5 (bivalent) and XBB1.5 (monovalent) vaccines

464 (10.1)

432 (14.0)

1.43 (1.15, 1.43)

1.28 (1.13, 1.45)

Number of vaccine doses received

  0 vaccine doses

569 (12.3)

272 (8.8)

ref.

ref.

  1 vaccine dose

122 (2.6)

66 (2.1)

1.08 (0.83, 1.41)

1.05 (0.80, 1.38)

  2 vaccine doses

901 (19.5)

564 (18.3)

1.16 (1.01, 1.34)

1.10 (0.94, 1.28)

  3 vaccine doses

1453 (31.5)

1011 (32.8)

1.27 (1.11, 1.45)

1.20 (1.04, 1.39)

  4 vaccine doses

824 (17.9)

570 (18.5)

1.25 (1.08, 1.44)

1.23 (1.05, 1.44)

  5 vaccine doses

415 (9.0)

331 (10.7)

1.34 (1.14, 1.58)

1.43 (1.20, 1.71)

  6 vaccine doses

285 (6.2)

231 (7.5)

1.32 (1.11, 1.58)

1.57 (1.28, 1.91)

  ≥7 vaccine doses

45 (1.0)

35 (1.1)

1.32 (0.93, 1.88)

1.69 (1.16, 2.45)

Timing of prior vaccinationc

  No doses received

569 (12.3)

272 (8.8)

ref.

ref.

  Last vaccine dose within <3 months

527 (11.4)

436 (14.2)

1.18 (1.07, 1.31)

1.05 (0.80, 1.38)

  Last vaccine dose within 3–6 months

79 (1.7)

92 (3.0)

1.35 (1.10, 1.66)

1.09 (0.79, 1.52)

  Last vaccine dose >6 months prior

3439 (74.5)

2280 (74.0)

0.98 (0.90, 1.06)

0.97 (0.81, 1.17)

Documented prior infection

  0 documented infections

2505 (54.3)

1506 (48.9)

ref.

ref.

  Any prior infection

2109 (45.7)

1574 (51.1)

1.14 (1.06, 1.22)

1.09 (1.02, 1.18)

  1 documented infection

1753 (38.0)

1269 (41.2)

1.11 (1.03, 1.20)

1.08 (1.00, 1.17)

  2 documented infections

332 (7.2)

278 (9.0)

1.17 (1.03, 1.33)

1.14 (0.99, 1.30)

  ≥3 documented infections

24 (0.5)

27 (0.9)

1.37 (0.93, 2.00)

1.30 (0.89, 1.91)

  1. Data encompass the primary analytic cohort (N = 7694 individuals), comprised of individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 from tests undertaken in outpatient settings between 1 December, 2023 and 30 January, 2024 which were processed via TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit assays, who belonged to KPSC health plans for at least 1 year prior to their index test date.
  2. aUnadjusted odds ratios are computed via conditional logistic regression models matching on week of testing alone.
  3. bAdjusted odds ratios are computed via conditional logistic regression models matching on week of testing and controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, history of cigarette smoking, prior-year healthcare utilization across all settings, Charlson comorbidity index, and median household income within cases’ census tract according to the categorization scheme indicated in Table 1. Missing values were addressed via multiple imputation, with results pooled across five pseudo-dataset replicates.
  4. cAnalyses of vaccine type and timing adjust for a number of monovalent wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) vaccine doses received.
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