Fig. 7: Bivariate plot of the average numbers of pits and scratches for the species from GFT-4.2.

Error bars correspond to standard deviation (±1 SD) for the fossil samples. Plain ellipses correspond to the Gaussian confidence ellipses (p = 0.95). Extant ungulates based on the database112. Silhouettes from PhyloPic (http://phylopic.org). Tragelaphini, Suinae and S. africanus are under the public domain. Hexaprotodon sp. and Hipparion s. l. (by Zimices), and Gazella sp. (by Rebecca Groom) are licensed under Attribution 3.0 Unported (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Anancus sp. (by Henry Fairfield Osborn, vectorised by Zimices) is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.