Fig. 4: Influence of iron–water exchange on seismic velocities as a function of water.
From: Extensive iron–water exchange at Earth’s core–mantle boundary can explain seismic anomalies
a Changes in the proportion of minerals in ULVZs through iron–water exchange. Dashed lines indicate the values corresponding to the occurrence of 5 vol.% partial melt. b, c Changes in the composition (Fe#, Fe/(Mg+Fe)) and density of minerals. d–f Change in density (ρ), Vp, and Vs. Diamonds show the values from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM). Shaded areas indicate the changes in ρ (+5− + 15%), Vp (−5− − 15%), and Vs (−10− − 40%), which are typically observed in ULVZs3. The mass of the ocean corresponds to 1.38×10²¹ kg. PPv, post-perovskite; Brd, Bridgmanite; Fp, ferropericlase. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
