Fig. 2: Impact of ClyA and TaiA on host cell invasion and intracellular replication.
From: Cytolysin A is an intracellularly induced and secreted cytotoxin of typhoidal Salmonella
a To determine the host cell invasion rate, HeLa, THP-1 cells, and isolated PBMCs were incubated with S. Paratyphi A wild-type, ΔclyA, ΔtaiA mutants, and a ΔclyA/ΔtaiA double mutant (MOI 20) for 1 h. The invasion rate, expressed as a percentage of the inoculum, was determined using a gentamicin protection assay. Statistical analysis was performed using Ordinary one-way ANOVA and Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. Not significant (ns): p > 0.05, *p = 0.016, **p = 0.002. b To assess the intracellular replication rate, HeLa and THP-1 cells were infected with S. Paratyphi A wild-type, ΔclyA, ΔtaiA mutants, and ΔclyA/ΔtaiA double mutant (MOI 20). The replication rate after 4 h (t4) or 24 h (t24) incubation was determined relative to the number of bacteria present at the time of uptake (0 h). For all experiments ≥ five independent biological replicates were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Ordinary one-way ANOVA and Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. Not significant (ns): p > 0.05. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file Graphs.
